Educación financiera y decisiones de inversión en Guayaquil: un análisis de conglomerados
Palabras clave:
educación financiera, alfabetización financiera, decisiones de inversión, análisis por conglomeradosResumen
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la alfabetización financiera, los conocimientos financieros y las decisiones de inversión en Guayaquil, para identificar perfiles importantes de inversores minoristas según su comportamiento y nivel de educación financiera. Se utilizó un enfoque cuantitativo de corte no experimental aplicado a un cuestionario con 164 participantes seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. La agrupación de los datos en clústeres (K-mens) identificó los siguientes grupos: primero, Inversionistas enfocados en acciones (66,36%); segundo, Inversiones con preferencias en divisas (22,43%); tercero, Inversionistas con baja alfabetización financiera (11,21%). Los resultados destacan que el nivel de conocimiento financiero influye de manera significativa en las decisiones de inversión, con mayor alfabetización a elecciones informadas. No obstante, la dependencia de medios digitales como fuente primaria de información y la baja alfabetización en algunos grupos exponen a los inversores a decisiones poco suficientes. El presente estudio resalta la necesidad de programas de educación financiera y políticas públicas que refuercen el conocimiento financiero de los individuos a través de contenidos digitales, para mujeres y Pymes con el fin de mejorar su comportamiento como grupo minorista y reducir las vulnerabilidades al realizar una inversión.
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