Uso de nanopartículas poliméricas para guiar y concentrar fármacos contra el Parkinson
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: Trastornos de aprendizaje, Inclusión educativa, Alianzas estratégicas, Formación docente, Colaboración interdisciplinaria.Resumen
La enfermedad de Parkinson es considerada a nivel mundial como la más devastadora luego del Alzheimer. Se caracteriza por la destrucción progresiva de las neuronas dopaminérgicas a nivel del sistema nervioso central. Afecta a aproximadamente el 2% de la población general. Se pueden distinguir síntomas motores y no motores según el grado de degeneración neuronal. La principal función de la barrera hematoencefálica es el transporte seleccionado de sustancias al interior. Se distingue además por el acúmulo anormal de α-sinucleína que genera muerte neuronal. Se ha realizado esta recopilación de información basada en bibliografía actualizada y con base científica en artículos publicados en revistas científicas médicas con el fin de informar las actualizaciones de tratamientos innovadores para esta enfermedad, ya que los existentes son netamente paliativos. Se concluye que el uso de nanopartículas poliméricas es un sistema que se encuentra en estudios clínicos, pero los resultados son satisfactorios, prometedores y reducen en gran medida los efectos adversos; se recomienda el ácido poliláctico-co-glicólico para fabricar nanocápsulas incorporando quitosano y crear nanoesferas que ofrezcan una liberación sostenida de fármacos y faciliten el cruce de la BHE.
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