Study of the effect of vegetable oils in the control of weevils (Callosobruchus maculatus f) in the preservation of cowpea beans
Keywords:
Callosobruchus maculatus (F), vegetable oils, cowpea bean.Abstract
The weevil (Callosobruchus maculatus F) causes serious damage to cowpea beans, which prevents their use both as food and as seed, and forces the use of toxic or energy-intensive measures for their conservation. The present study aims to protect cowpea beans for seed by means of an economical and environmentally friendly alternative. For this purpose, the preservative effect of three different vegetable oils (Neem, soybean and botija pine nut) was evaluated at a dose of 50 mL/kg of seed. The experiments lasted one month and were carried out at room temperature (32±1 oC), in the facilities of the Grain Department of the UEICA (Agricultural Extension and Training Unit of Holguín). The INIFAT-2002 variety was used, and a randomized complete block design with three treatments and a control (without oil) was used, with four replicates. As a sample, 100 g of grains were used for each experimental unit, which were inoculated with 10 adult insects. The percentages of infection and germination of the grains were evaluated. The three vegetable oils evaluated had a positive effect on the preservation of cowpea beans, maintaining the degree of infestation below 6%, which contrasts with the control, which ended up with all the beans affected. The germination percentage found for the different treatments at the end of the experiment was: Piñón botija (94.5 %), Neem (82.0 %), soybean (76.0 %) and the control (0%).
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