Algorithmic transparency and legal liability: challenges of AI in evidentiary assessment

Authors

Keywords:

Inteligencia artificial, transparencia algorítmica, responsabilidad jurídica, valoración probatoria, prueba digital

Abstract

The article analyzes the requirements of algorithmic transparency and legal liability applicable to artificial intelligence-assisted evidence in evidentiary activity. A qualitative documentary review was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, through which 12 studies published between 2020 and 2026 were identified and analyzed. The synthesis made it possible to distinguish the uses of AI aimed at transforming, analyzing, or recommending conclusions about evidence, as well as the risks associated with opacity, bias, lack of traceability, processing errors, and technical asymmetries between the parties. The findings show that procedural transparency requires, in addition to information about the system, documentation, understandable explanations, auditable records, and real opportunities for adversarial challenge. Based on these elements, a normative-operational model of evidentiary control for AI-assisted evidence is proposed, consisting of four phases: conditional admissibility, adversarial transparency, reasoned judicial assessment, and attribution of liability. It is concluded that, where no effective possibility of control and adversarial challenge exists, the algorithmic output must not constitute the sole or decisive basis of the judicial decision and must be subject to independent corroboration or to the procedural consequences provided for by the applicable legal order.

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Published

2026-08-30

How to Cite

Algorithmic transparency and legal liability: challenges of AI in evidentiary assessment. (2026). Opuntia Brava, 18(3), 123-139. https://opuntiabrava.ult.edu.cu/index.php/opuntiabrava/article/view/2998

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